TOEFL’S EXERCISE (GRAMMAR AND
STRUCTURES)
1. The committee has met twice and
...
A. they reached a
final decision
B. a final decision
was reached
C. its decision was
reached
D. it has reached a
final decision
2. The manager won't be able to
attend the shareholders' meeting tomorrow because....
A. he must to give a
lecture
B. he will be giving
a lecture
C. of he will give
lecture
D. he will have
giving a lecture
3. Brenda's score on the test is
the highest in class.
A. She should study
hard last night.
B. She should have
studied hard last night.
C. She must have
studied hard last night.
D. She had to study
hard last night
4. To answer accurately is more
important than...
A. to finish quickly
B. a quick finish
C. you finish it
quickly
D. quick finish
5. Having been served lunch,....
A. the problems were
discussed by the participants.
B. the participants
discuss the problems.
C. it was discussed
by the participants.
D. A discussion of
the problems were made by the participants.
6. East Kalimantan relies heavily
on income from oil and natural gas, and....
A. Aceh province
also.
B. Aceh province too.
C. Aceh province is
as well.
D. so does Aceh province.
7. The participants have had some
problems deciding....
A. when they should
announce the result of the meeting.
B. when are they
sgoing to announce the result of the meeting.
C. when should they
announce the result of the meeting.
D. the time when the
result of the meeting to announce.
8. This year will be more difficult
for our organization because....
A. we have less money
and volunteers than last year.
B. there is a little
money and volunteers than last year.
C. it has less money
and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
D. it has fewer money
and less volunteers than it had last year.
9. Professor Baker told his
students that...
A. they can turn over
their reports on Mondays.
B. the reports can
turn over on Monday.
C. they could hand in
their reports on Monday.
D. the reports they
can hand in on Monday.
10. The adder is a venomous snake
... bite may prove fatal to humans.
A. its
B. whom its
C. that
D. whose
11. .... a bee colony gets, the
more the queen's egglaying capability diminishers.
A. It is more
overcrowded.
B. The more
overcrowded.
C. More
overcrowded than.
D. More than
overcrowded.
12. The chairwoman requested that
....
A. the
participants studied more careful the problem.
B. the
participants study the problem more carefully.
C. the
participants studied the problem with more careful.
D. the problem
be studied more carefully.
13. Unlike the earth, which rotates
once every twenty-four hours ... once every ten hours.
A. the
rotation of Jupiter
B. Jupiter
rotates
C. Jupiter
rotation
D. Jupiter
rotate
14. Jackson,... capital of
Mississippi, is the largest city in the state.
A. the
B. it is the
C. is the
D. where the
15. The various types of bacteria
are classified according to...shapes.
A. whose
B. how they
are
C. have
D. their
READING SECTION
TOEFL’S EXERCISE (READING)
Lichens, of which more than twenty thousand species have been named,
are complex associations between certain algae. The lichen itself is not an
organism: rather it is the morphological and biochemical product of the
association. Neither a fungus nor an alga alone can produce lichen.
The intimate relationship between these
two living components of lichen was once erroneously though to represent mutualism.
In mutual relationships, both participants benefit. With lichens, however, it
appears the fungus actually parasitizes the algae.
This
is one of the conclusions drawn from experiments in which the two components of
lichens were separated and grown apart.
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and grow around several kinds of algae. Some types of
algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject.Lichen algae are autotrophic, meaning they make their own food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the algae within the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety percent of than food made by the green alga cell is transferred to the fungus. What, if anything, the fungus
contributes to the association is not well understood.
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats and are often pioneers in hostile environments
where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of insects glue lichens to
their exoskeletons for camouflage.
Many species of birds use lichens as building materials for nests. Human have used lichens for
dyes and antibiotics.
1. Which of the following best describes lichen association?
A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the second autotrophic
D.A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
2. The word "hardly" in line 26 is clossest in meaning to
A. Tender
B. Durable
C. Armed
D. Beneficial
3. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and
A. One organism parasitizes the other
B. Both organism benefit from the association
C. Both organism are harmed by the association
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association
4. In line 7, the word "intimate" is nearest in meaning to
A. living
B. Extraordinary
C. Biological
D. Close
5. Lichen serves as camouflage for which of the following?
A. Insects
B. Birds
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
6. The true nature of the relationship between the lichen components was clarified by
A. Examining lichens with a microscope
B. Observing lichens palced in the dark
C. Observing the lichen component when grown apart
D. Decreasing the amount of nutrients available to the lichens
7. In line 27, the word "hostile" is clossestnin the meaning to
A. Unusual
B. Cool
C. Untraveled
D. Inhospitable
8. An endolithic lichen is one that
A. Grows in the canopies of trees
B. Grows inside rocks
C. Grows at very high altitudes
D. Grows inside other organism, including other lichens
9. Many lichens contribute at the communities they in habits by
A. Removing pollutants from the air
B. Controlling wood-rotting fungi
C. Slowing the spread of viruses
D. Reducing soil erosion
Question 11 through 20 are based on the following passage.
When buying a house, you must be sure tohave it checked for termites. A termite is much like an ant in its communal habits, although physically the
two insects are distinct.
Like those ants, termite colonies consist of different classes, each with its own particular job. The most perfectly formed termites, both male and female, make up the productive class. They have eyes,hard body walls and fully developed wings. A pair ofreproductive termites founds the colony. When new reproductive termites develop, they leave to form
another colony. They use their wings only this on time and then break them off.
The worker termites are small, blind and wingless, with soft bodies. They make up the majority of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers are eyeless and wingless but are larger than the workers and have hard heads and strong jaws and legs. They defend the colony and are cared for by the workers.
The male and female of the reproductive class remain inside a closed-in cell when the female lays thousands of eggs. The workers place the eggs in cell and care for them. Even if one colony is treated with poison, if a male and female of the reproductive class escape, they can form a new colony.
Pest control companies can inspect a house for infestation of termites. Often, of lay person can not spot the evidence, so it is critical to have the opinion of a professional. Treatments vary depending upon the type of termite.
10. How are termites like ants?
A. They live in communities, and each class has a specific duty
B. Their bodies are the same shape
C. The king and queen are imprisoned
D. The females' reproductive capacities are the same
11. The word "communal" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
A. Eating
B. Reproducing
C. Organizational
D. Social
12. Which of the following is not true?
A. All termites have eyes
B. Some termites cannot fly
C. Workers are smaller than soldiers
D. Termites do not fly often
13. In line 4, the word "distinct" is closest in meaning to
A. Similar
B. Different
C. Genetically related
D. Strong
14. In line 6, "classes" is closest in meaning to
A. Sexes
B. Colonies
C. Courses
D. Categories
15. Which of the following statements is probably true?
A. Thousands of termites may move together to develop a new colony
B. The male and female reproductions do not venture outdoors except
to form a new colony.
C. There are more soldiers than workers
D. A worker could easily kill a soldier
16. The word "founds" in line 10 is nearest in meaning to
A. Establishes
B. Destroys
C. Control
D. Guards
17. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Termites Destroy Houses
B. Termites Work Well Together
C. The Habits and Physical Characteristics of Termites
D.The relationship of Soldier and Worker Termites
18. The word "each" in line 6 refers to
A. Ants
B. Colonies
C. Jobs
D. Classes
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and grow around several kinds of algae. Some types of
algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject.Lichen algae are autotrophic, meaning they make their own food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they depend upon the algae within the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety percent of than food made by the green alga cell is transferred to the fungus. What, if anything, the fungus
contributes to the association is not well understood.
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats and are often pioneers in hostile environments
where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of insects glue lichens to
their exoskeletons for camouflage.
Many species of birds use lichens as building materials for nests. Human have used lichens for
dyes and antibiotics.
1. Which of the following best describes lichen association?
A. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
B. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
C. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the second autotrophic
D.A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
2. The word "hardly" in line 26 is clossest in meaning to
A. Tender
B. Durable
C. Armed
D. Beneficial
3. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and
A. One organism parasitizes the other
B. Both organism benefit from the association
C. Both organism are harmed by the association
D. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association
4. In line 7, the word "intimate" is nearest in meaning to
A. living
B. Extraordinary
C. Biological
D. Close
5. Lichen serves as camouflage for which of the following?
A. Insects
B. Birds
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
6. The true nature of the relationship between the lichen components was clarified by
A. Examining lichens with a microscope
B. Observing lichens palced in the dark
C. Observing the lichen component when grown apart
D. Decreasing the amount of nutrients available to the lichens
7. In line 27, the word "hostile" is clossestnin the meaning to
A. Unusual
B. Cool
C. Untraveled
D. Inhospitable
8. An endolithic lichen is one that
A. Grows in the canopies of trees
B. Grows inside rocks
C. Grows at very high altitudes
D. Grows inside other organism, including other lichens
9. Many lichens contribute at the communities they in habits by
A. Removing pollutants from the air
B. Controlling wood-rotting fungi
C. Slowing the spread of viruses
D. Reducing soil erosion
Question 11 through 20 are based on the following passage.
When buying a house, you must be sure tohave it checked for termites. A termite is much like an ant in its communal habits, although physically the
two insects are distinct.
Like those ants, termite colonies consist of different classes, each with its own particular job. The most perfectly formed termites, both male and female, make up the productive class. They have eyes,hard body walls and fully developed wings. A pair ofreproductive termites founds the colony. When new reproductive termites develop, they leave to form
another colony. They use their wings only this on time and then break them off.
The worker termites are small, blind and wingless, with soft bodies. They make up the majority of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers are eyeless and wingless but are larger than the workers and have hard heads and strong jaws and legs. They defend the colony and are cared for by the workers.
The male and female of the reproductive class remain inside a closed-in cell when the female lays thousands of eggs. The workers place the eggs in cell and care for them. Even if one colony is treated with poison, if a male and female of the reproductive class escape, they can form a new colony.
Pest control companies can inspect a house for infestation of termites. Often, of lay person can not spot the evidence, so it is critical to have the opinion of a professional. Treatments vary depending upon the type of termite.
10. How are termites like ants?
A. They live in communities, and each class has a specific duty
B. Their bodies are the same shape
C. The king and queen are imprisoned
D. The females' reproductive capacities are the same
11. The word "communal" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
A. Eating
B. Reproducing
C. Organizational
D. Social
12. Which of the following is not true?
A. All termites have eyes
B. Some termites cannot fly
C. Workers are smaller than soldiers
D. Termites do not fly often
13. In line 4, the word "distinct" is closest in meaning to
A. Similar
B. Different
C. Genetically related
D. Strong
14. In line 6, "classes" is closest in meaning to
A. Sexes
B. Colonies
C. Courses
D. Categories
15. Which of the following statements is probably true?
A. Thousands of termites may move together to develop a new colony
B. The male and female reproductions do not venture outdoors except
to form a new colony.
C. There are more soldiers than workers
D. A worker could easily kill a soldier
16. The word "founds" in line 10 is nearest in meaning to
A. Establishes
B. Destroys
C. Control
D. Guards
17. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Termites Destroy Houses
B. Termites Work Well Together
C. The Habits and Physical Characteristics of Termites
D.The relationship of Soldier and Worker Termites
18. The word "each" in line 6 refers to
A. Ants
B. Colonies
C. Jobs
D. Classes
KUNCI JAWABAN STRUCTURES AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
1. D
11. B
2. B
12. B
3. C
13. B
4. A
14. A
5. B
15. D
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10.D
KUNCI JAWABAN READING SECTIONS
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nice sharing
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